Winter+Break+Packet

This Winter Break Packet is mostly extra credit. Everything in it is review from content we learned this year.
 * Physical Science Winter Break Packet **
 * Everyone must complete Part IV: Big Bang Theory, this is not extra credit.** It is a refresher. We are reviewing it, because we haven’t in a while. Although it is mandatory and the first thing in this packet we learned, I have the Big Bang Theory last, because it is easier to understand after you understand waves.
 * Extra-credit:** Parts I-III is extra credit. Each section shows how many extra credit points it is worth (ex: 5 EC).
 * Using your own paper:** Any work you do should be done on your own notebook paper. Your work should show which Part and section you are on. For example, if you are working on the first section of Part II: Energy, your paper should be headed: “Part I: Energy, A.”
 * Extra Credit Test:** There will be an extra credit test on January 8, after school. The test will be based on this packet and worth 50 extra credit test points. This test, like other tests will be able to make up points for earlier assignments. For example, if you do very well on the electromagnetic spectrum part of this test, you will regain points from previous electromagnetic assignments.
 * Here is a chart that breaks down the points in this packet:**



If you have any questions, you can call me at 216-224-6184 or email me at dean.bryson@clevelandmetroschools.org.

Go to: []
 * Part I: Data- 5 EC **
 * 1) 1. In science and math, a “table” is not where you sit. It is an arrangement of words, numbers, or signs, usually in parallel columns, to display data or relations. What is the name of the table on this webpage?
 * 2) 2. According to this table, how many calories do a 155 pound person running track and field (hurdles) burn in 1 hour?
 * 3) 3. When a runner is running, her speed increases as her burned calories (increase, decrease). //Write the appropriate word.//
 * 4) 4. Weight increases as calories burned (increase, decrease). //Write the appropriate word.//

**To answer these questions, read p. 91-94**
 * PART II: Energy **
 * I CAN demonstrate that energy can be considered to be either kinetic (motion) or potential (stored). **
 * I CAN explain how energy may change form or be redistributed but the total quantity of energy is conserved. **
 * 1) ** A. ** ** Energy Conservation Reading Guide- 5 EC **
 * 1) 1. What is one of the fundamental building blocks of our universe?
 * 2) 2. What is energy?
 * 3) 3. How is energy measured?
 * 4) 4. What are some forms energy can be found in?
 * 5) 5. What is potential energy?
 * 6) 6. What is the formula for potential energy? (A formula is a mathematic equation)
 * 7) 7. What is kinetic energy?
 * 8) 8. What is the formula for kinetic energy?
 * 9) 9. What is the law of conservation of energy?
 * 10) 10. What happens to energy if it is confronted with friction? Is it destroyed?

Go to [] First, click on “Learn How to Craft a Super Coaster!” Answer the following questions as you go through the module. Then click on “Build a Roller Coaster Right Now!” Follow the directions to build a successful roller coaster. When your successful roller coaster is finished, you should be on the “Debrief” page. Answer the following questions. Click “Next.” This will take you to the “Final Score” page. Click “Print” to print. This will be evidence that you made a successful roller coaster. **The student with the highest score on their print out will receive a prize after break!**
 * 1) ** B. ** ** Brain Pop Rollercoaster Activity- 15 EC (Lab) **
 * The student with the highest score on their print out will receive a prize after break!**
 * 1) 1. Why is mass important to the potential energy equation?
 * 2) 2. Why is height important?
 * 3) 3. The higher up you take your car, the ___ energy your car is storing.__
 * 4) __4. What happens if you build any hills or loops higher than your initial (first) hill?__
 * 5) __5. What happens to energy as it plummets down the hill?__
 * 6) __6. The higher your hill, the__ _ your car can go.
 * 7) 7. When the car goes up the hill, it is converted to ___ energy.__
 * 8) __8. When the car goes down the hill, it is converted to__ energy.
 * 1) 9. What did you have to do to make sure your roller coaster stopped at the end?
 * 2) 10. What happened to the kinetic energy at the end? Why did the roller coaster stop moving? Was the energy destroyed? If not, where did it go?
 * 3) 11. What scientific law helped you answer Question 10? What does this law state? (P. 94 in textbook).

1) A mouse running away from a cat. 2) A rock sitting on top of a hill. 3) A bird resting on its nest in a tree. 4) A car driving down I-90. 5) A bowling ball rolling down the lane. When a pecan pie is resting on a windowsill, all of its energy is _ energy; it has no energy because it is not moving. However, accidentally, the pecan pie was pushed off the windowsill and is falling through the air. At that time, the amount of __energy is decreasing while the amount of__ _ energy is increasing as the pecan pie picks up speed. Right before the pecan pie hits the ground, all of its energy is in ___ energy. It does not have any__ _ energy because the pecan pie does not have any height above the ground.
 * 1) ** C. ** ** Differing between Potential and Kinetic Energy- 10 EC **
 * Part 1. **Identify the energy in each statement as kinetic energy OR potential energy.
 * Part 2. **Use the words kinetic OR potential to fill in the blanks below.

**//Use the formulas from p. 92-93 of your book to help you solve these equations. //** 1. What is the potential energy of a rock that weighs 10.1kg that is sitting on top of a hill 300 meters high? 2. What is the kinetic energy of a bicycle with a mass of 14kg travelling at a velocity of 3m/s? 3. A flower pot weighing .305kg is sitting on a windowsill 30 meters from the ground. Is the energy of the flower pot potential or kinetic? How many joules is this? 4. When the flower pot in problem 3 is only 10 meters from the ground what is the potential energy?
 * 1) **D. ** **Calculating Potential and Kinetic Energy- 5 EC **


 * 1) **E. ** **Kinetic and Potential Energy in Action- 5 EC **
 * 1.[[image:E-1.jpg width="492" height="333"]] **

2.

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif;">2. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">. Why did you choose your answer for question 2?


 * F. ** ** Energy Transformations Reading Guide (p. 95-100)- 10 EC **
 * 1) 1. Besides mechanical energy, what kinds of energy are there?
 * 2) 2. What kind of energy is food?
 * 3) 3. What does potential energy turn into?
 * 4) 4. Is energy ever created or destroyed?
 * 5) 5. What is mechanical energy?
 * 6) 6. What is radiant energy?
 * 7) 7. Where is electrical energy transformed from?
 * 8) 8. What is nuclear energy?
 * 9) 9. What is a common form of thermal energy?
 * 10) 10. If we eat about 100 units of energy and only use 25 units, what happens to the rest of the units?
 * 11) 11. (Not in book) A pendulum, like the one in #1 of Section E will eventually stop swinging. How can this happen if energy is never created or destroyed? (If you are stuck, the answer to #10 in this section (F) should help you.)
 * 12) 12. (In book) Why are humans better runners than swimmers?

Go to [|**http://tinyurl.com/3gtkar9**]. OR [] 3. Complete the journal at the bottom. You can print it out or write down your responses.
 * G. ** ** McGraw Hill- Glencoe’s Virtual Lab- Energy Conversions- 10 EC (Lab) **
 * 1) 1. Follow directions in sidebar to the left where it says in bold: **“How is energy converted from one form to another?”** Read and scroll down to **“Procedure.”**
 * 2) 2. The table on the website does not work. Go through 5 different event sequences and copy a table like this on your own sheet of paper.
 * **Sequence #** ||  **What happens in sequence?**  ||  **Step 1 Energy Type**  ||  **Step 2 Energy Type**  ||  **Step 3 Energy Type**  ||
 * **1** ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **2** ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **3** ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **4** ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **5** ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Part III: Waves **
 * I CAN demonstrate that waves (e.g. sound, seismic, water, and light) have energy and waves can transfer energy when they interact with matter. **
 * 1) ** A. ** ** Wave Interactive Section- 20 EC **

Go to []. This will be your “home page.”

A. Click on “Transverse & Longitude with a Slinky Spring.” Answer the following questions. B. Click on “Longitudinal.” C. Click on “Transverse.” D. Click on “Wave Speed (Sea Waves, Sound Waves and Radio Waves).” E. Click on “Frequency (with example experiment).” F. Click on “Wavelength.”
 * 1) 1. What do waves carry from one place to another?
 * 2) 2. Look at the transverse and longitudinal waves.
 * 3) 3. Go back to the home page.
 * 1) 1. How does a longitudinal wave travel?
 * 2) 2. What is an example of a longitudinal wave?
 * 1) 1. How does a transverse wave travel?
 * 2) 2. What is an example of a transverse wave?
 * 1) 1. In the three waves given, which is the slowest?
 * 2) 2. Which is the fastest?
 * 3) 3. What is the speed of sound?
 * 4) 4. What is the speed of radio waves?
 * 5) 5. Why do you think radio waves travel the speed of light if we cannot see it as “light.”
 * 1) 1. What is frequency?
 * 2) 2. What unit is frequency measured in?
 * 3) 3. Draw a complete wave cycle.
 * 4) 4. How do you calculate frequency?
 * 1) 1. What is wavelength?
 * 2) 2. What is the symbol for wavelength?
 * 3) 3. Draw a line that represents the wavelength for the wave cycle you drew in E.
 * 4) 4. When the vibration moves more quickly, is a wavelength larger or smaller?
 * 5) 5. What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

// On your own sheet of paper, write down the correct word(s) in the parentheses for each sentence. Answer numbers 6-11 on your own sheet of paper too. // 1. The amplitude of a wave can be measured from the (medium, crest) or the (trough, wavelength) to the rest position of the wave’s medium. 2. Waves with greater frequency carry (more, less) energy than waves with smaller amplitudes. 3. The wavelength of a transverse wave is often measured from (crest to crest, crest to trough). 4. The number of waves that pass a point in one (second, minute) is the wave’s (amplitude, frequency). 5. Waves with longer wavelengths have a (lower, higher) frequency and waves with shorter wavelengths have a (lower, higher) frequency.
 * 1) ** B. ** ** Wave Properties (pp. 204-206)- 10 EC **

Go to: [] and click on “Launch Interactive.”
 * C. ** ** Electromagnetic Wave Tour- 10 EC **

On your own sheet of paper, answer the following questions.
 * 1) 1. What is the range of a radio wave’s wavelength?
 * 2) 2. Radio waves are generated when what moves back and forth within an antenna?
 * 3) 3. What are 3 uses of microwaves?
 * 4) 4. Put the mouse over the microwave oven. How does a microwave oven actually work?
 * 5) 5. The infrared part of the spectrum is also called what?
 * 6) 6. How does an object become warmer?
 * 7) 7. What in a visible light wave is shorter than the width of a bacterium?
 * 8) 8. Fluorescent lights use ultraviolet waves, but do we actually see ultraviolet light?
 * 9) 9. What kind of explosion is a source of x-rays from the universe?
 * 10) 10. Name 2 uses of gamma rays.

Go to: []
 * D. ** ** Electromagnetic Spectrum Comparisons- 10 EC **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. As you move the green dial from left to right, what do you notice about the wavelength and the frequency (at the bottom of the page)? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. As you move the green dial, what happens to the energy (at the bottom of the page)? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. Which radiation has the highest wavelength? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. Which radiation has the greatest frequency? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">6. Which radiation has the greatest amount of energy? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">7. As wavelength increases, what does frequency do? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">8. As wavelength increases, what does energy do? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">9. As energy increases, what does frequency do? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">10. EM waves move at the speed of light. About how fast do all EM waves move? (textbook, p. 245) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">11. Do EM waves transmit energy or mass?
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">What are the differences between the different types of electromagnetic radiation?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Which has a longer wavelength - visible or infrared radiation?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Which contains more energy - visible or infrared radiation?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Which has a higher frequency - visible or infrared radiation?

For examples 2-4 (on the next page), answer the following: a. Which wave has the longest wavelength? b. Which wave has the greatest frequency?
 * 1) ** E. ** ** Wave Propagation- 5 EC **

1. (Done for you) 5. In numbers 1-4, does Wave X and Wave Y ever differ in speed? Why or why not? **To answer these questions, read p. 653-655.** Go to: []. Watch the video and answer the following questions.
 * 1) a. Wave X, Wave Y
 * Part IV: Big Bang Theory **
 * I CAN Explain how evidence from stars and other celestial objects provide information about the processes that cause changes in the composition and scale of the physical universe. **
 * 1) ** A. ** ** Big Bang Theory Reading Guide (P. 653-655)- 15 pts. **
 * 1) 1. According to the Big Bang Theory, how long ago did the universe begin?
 * 2) 2. How large was the entire universe at the Big Bang?
 * 3) 3. What happened about 3 minutes after the Big Bang?
 * 4) 4. During the radiation period, most of the energy in the universe was in what form?
 * 5) 5. About how long after the Big Bang did the first galaxies appear?
 * 6) 6. What kind of scientists came up with the name, “Big Bang” for the theory?
 * 7) 7. What causes the change in sound when a car moves toward and away from you?
 * 8) 8. When waves are stretched out, do the wavelengths become longer or shorter?
 * 9) 9. Describe the properties of an electromagnetic wave that is moving toward earth.
 * 10) 10. Describe the properties of an electromagnetic wave that is moving away from earth.
 * 11) 11. How did scientists realize that the star, Sirius, is moving away from earth?
 * 12) 12. What are the two key parts of the Big Bang Theory?
 * 13) 13. How does the Doppler shift support these key parts?
 * 14) 14. In the 1960s, what did Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discover?
 * 15) 15. What did Stephen Hawking do as a teenager?
 * 16) 16. Where did Stephen Hawking go to college and what did he study?
 * 17) 17. What did he study at Cambridge?
 * 18) 18. Hawking was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig’s disease. What does this mean?
 * 19) 19. What is he known for today?
 * 1) ** B. ** ** Big Bang Theory Video- 15 pts. **

If you cannot view the video below, go to https://www.dropbox.com/s/57i1u6yukooctp0/The%20Doppler%20Effect.avi.

media type="custom" key="24822878"


 * 1) . What is the interesting property of light waves that suggests that the universe is expanding?
 * 2) 2. Do waves move outward or towards its source?
 * 3) 3. When a source is moving while it is emitting waves, what happens to the waves in front of it?
 * 4) 4. What happens to the waves behind it?
 * 5) 5. As a car approaches someone, the pitch (frequency) rises or drops?
 * 6) 6. As a car passes someone, the pitch (frequency) rises or drops?
 * 7) 7. If a source of light is moving toward us, we see what color shift?
 * 8) 8. If a source of light is moving away from us, we see what color shift?
 * 9) 9. So if all of the light coming from every galaxy has a red colored shift, are they moving towards us or away from us?
 * 10) 10. Does this prove that the universe is expanding or compressing?
 * 11) 11. How does all this prove the Big Bang Theory?
 * 12) 12. Let’s make some more connections. If frequency decreases as a wave source moves away from us, does wavelength increase or decrease?